Emerging role of the interleukin (IL)-33/ST2 axis in gut mucosal wound healing and fibrosis

Table 2 Speculative role of IL-1 cytokine family members in tissue repair and fibrosis during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Common name	IL-1 Family name	Ligand-binding chain	Disease association	Speculative role in tissue repair and fibrosis
IL –1α	IL –1F1	IL –1R type I	CD[56, 57], UC[56, 57]	Protective during early phase of inflammation[41]
IL–1β	IL –1F2	IL –1R type I	CD[56, 57], UC[56, 57]	Protective during early phase of inflammation[41]
IL –1Ra	IL –1F3	IL –1R type I	UC[58–60]	Potential dual role[41]
IL–18	IL-1F4	IL-18Rα	CD[61, 62]	Protective during early phase of inflammation[41]
IL–36Ra	IL –1F5	IL 1Rrp2	Unknown	Unknown
IL–36α	IL–1F6	IL–lRrp2	Unknown	Unknown
IL –37	IL–1F7	IL–18Rα	Unknown for human IBD, antagonist for DSS colitis[63]	Protective (correlates with breakdown of intestinal barrier)[63]
IL-36β	IL-1F8	IL-1Rrp2	Unknown	Unknown
IL-36γ	IL-1F9	IL-1Rrp2	Unknown	Unknown
IL–38	IL–1F10	IL 1Rrp2	Unknown	Unknown
IL- 33	IL –1F11	ST2	UC[23–26]	Protective[40, 41]

ISSN: 1755-1536