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Fig. 3 | Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair

Fig. 3

From: Pentoxifylline immunomodulation in the treatment of experimental chronic pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis

Fig. 3

Effects of PTX on pulmonary cytokine levels in healthy and Pb-infected mice. The 21 evaluated molecules were grouped into five categories according to their primary functions: a pro-inflammatory cytokines, b chemokines and growth factors, c Th-1 cytokines, d Th-2 cytokines, and e cytokines with regulatory functions. All molecules were measured in PBS-inoculated mice (white bars); PBS-inoculated mice, treated with PTX (gray bars); Pb-infected mice (black bars); and Pb-infected mice, treated with PTX (striped bars). The graphs show three periods of evaluation corresponding to the middle of the treatment, end of the treatment, and 4 weeks post-treatment (8, 12, and 16 weeks p.i., respectively). The experimental groups were compared using two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. The bars show the mean ± SEM. *p <0.05, **p <0.001, ***p <0.0001. n = 5 mice per group at each period of evaluation

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