Skip to main content

Table 2 Examples of studies focusing on differential diagnostics between IPF and NSIP or CTD-ILD

From: Tissue is an issue in the search for biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Study

Patients/sample type

Biomarker/method

Main results

[25]

17 CTD-UIP

FF count/area

Lower FF counts/areas in CTD-UIP

18 IPF-UIP

LA count/area

Higher LA counts/areas in RA-ILD

 

NSIP features

Higher prevalence of NSIP in CTD-UIP

SLB

 

Lung transplant

HC

[26]

12 NSIP

CXCR3

CXCR3+ lymphocytes higher in NSIP

10 IPF

CCR4

CCR4+ lymphocytes higher in IPF

SLB

IHC

[27]

9 IPF-UIP

Epimorphin

Epimorphin higher in NSIP than in IPF

8 NSIP

 
 

IHC

 

Western blotting

SLB

Northern blotting

[28]

8 IPF

p53, Mdm2, ubiquitin, Bax, p21

p53, phosphorylated p53, Mdm2 and Bax higher in IPF

5 NSIP

 
 

IHC

 

TUNEL

SLB

Western blotting

[29]

26 IPF-UIP

MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2

More MMP-9 in IPF

11 NSIP

 

More MMP-2 in NSIP and BOOP

6 BOOP

 

SLB

IHC

  1. CTD connective tissue disease, UIP usual interstitial pneumonia, IPF idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, ILD interstitial lung disease, RA rheumatoid arthritis, SLB surgical lung biopsy, FF fibroblast focus, LA lymphocyte aggregates, NSIP nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, HC histochemistry, CXCR and CCR chemokine receptors, IHC immunohistochemistry, p53 tumor protein p53, Mdm2 mouse double minute 2 homolog, Bax apoptosis regulator Bax, p21 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1, TUNEL a method detecting DNA fragmentation resulting from apoptosis, BOOP bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, MMP matrix metalloproteinase, TIMP specific tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase.