Figure 1
From: The role of redox mechanisms in hepatic chronic wound healing and fibrogenesis
Intracellular sources and main properties of ROS. Within the cell ROS can be generated from different sources as follows: 1) as O2•- released at the level of complex I and III of mitochondrial electron chain reaction, with O2•- being immediately dismutated to H2O2 by mtSOD; 2) as O2•- following the reaction of 5-lypoxygenase on arachidonic acid, then dismutated to H2O2 by cSOD; 3) as O2•-, then dismutated into H2O2, following activation (i.e., ligand-receptor interaction) of NADPH oxidase in either phagocytic or non-phagocytic cells; 4) as different ROS generated following the redox reactions catalyzed by a number of cytochromes and enzymes. Critical properties of major ROS are also briefly summarized.