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Table 1 Criteria suggested for defining an acute exacerbation of IPF

From: Aberrant innate immune sensing leads to the rapid progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Previous or concurrent diagnosis of IPF

Unexplained worsening or development of dyspnea within 30 days

HRCT with new bilateral ground-glass abnormality and/or consolidation superimposed on a background reticular or honeycomb pattern consistent with UIP

No evidence of pulmonary infection by endotracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage

Exclusion of alternative causes, including the following:

   Left heart failure

   Pulmonary embolism

   Identifiable cause of acute lung injury