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Table 1 Both ERV1 and ALR were initially reported to be encoded by a 1.2 kb gene with protein products of 117 and 125 amino acids, respectively

From: Augmenter of liver regeneration

Protein

Species

Gene size

Chromosomal

Amino acids/

Mito. Leader

Function

Ref.

Name

  

Location

Molecular weight

Sequence

  

ERV1

S. Cerevisiae

1.2 kb

VII

117/~14 kDa

No

OxPhos/growth

24

ERV1

S. Cerevisiae

1.2 kb

VII

189/~22 kDa

Yes

OxPhos/growth

25

ERV2

S. Cerevisiae

1.2 kb

XVI

196/~22 kDa

No

Sulfhydryl oxidase

28, 29

ALR

Rat

1.2 kb

10

125/~15,081

No

HR/Anti-atrophy

19

ALR

Rat

ND

ND

198/~22 kDa

Yes

HR/Anti-atrophy

19, 20

ALR

Mouse

6.7 kb

17

198/~22 kDa

Yes

HR/Anti-atrophy

20

ALR

Human

ND

16

205/~22 kDa

Yes

HR/Anti-atrophy

20, 23

  1. Subsequent investigation demonstrated that these proteins are larger in size with amino-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence. Another yeast protein (ERV2 located in microsomes), homologous to ERV1, was later discovered. ALR is present as a single gene copy located on mouse chromosome 17 or human chromosome 16 in polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) region [20, 23]. The functions indicated for ALR and ERV proteins are the ones discovered initially. Other functions of these proteins are described in the text in relevant sections. HR, hepatic regeneration; ND, not determined; OxPhos, oxidative phosphorylation.