Protein | Species | Gene size | Chromosomal | Amino acids/ | Mito. Leader | Function | Ref. |
---|
Name | Â | Â | Location | Molecular weight | Sequence | Â | Â |
ERV1 |
S. Cerevisiae
| 1.2 kb | VII | 117/~14 kDa | No | OxPhos/growth | 24 |
ERV1 |
S. Cerevisiae
| 1.2 kb | VII | 189/~22 kDa | Yes | OxPhos/growth | 25 |
ERV2 |
S. Cerevisiae
| 1.2 kb | XVI | 196/~22 kDa | No | Sulfhydryl oxidase | 28, 29 |
ALR | Rat | 1.2 kb | 10 | 125/~15,081 | No | HR/Anti-atrophy | 19 |
ALR | Rat | ND | ND | 198/~22 kDa | Yes | HR/Anti-atrophy | 19, 20 |
ALR | Mouse | 6.7 kb | 17 | 198/~22 kDa | Yes | HR/Anti-atrophy | 20 |
ALR | Human | ND | 16 | 205/~22 kDa | Yes | HR/Anti-atrophy | 20, 23 |
- Subsequent investigation demonstrated that these proteins are larger in size with amino-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence. Another yeast protein (ERV2 located in microsomes), homologous to ERV1, was later discovered. ALR is present as a single gene copy located on mouse chromosome 17 or human chromosome 16 in polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) region [20, 23]. The functions indicated for ALR and ERV proteins are the ones discovered initially. Other functions of these proteins are described in the text in relevant sections. HR, hepatic regeneration; ND, not determined; OxPhos, oxidative phosphorylation.