Table 1 Cellular fibronectin (FN) isoforms reported during physiological and pathological conditions
From: Plasma and cellular fibronectin: distinct and independent functions during tissue repair
| FN isoform | Characteristics | Ref. |
|---|---|---|
| Physiological wound healing | ||
| EIIIA | Expressed in tubular basement membrane by endothelium in rat model of acute renal failure; involved in regeneration of proximal tubules | [237] |
| Increased expression by alveolar septal cells, albeolar macrophages and endothelial cells upon acute hyperoxic lung injury | [238] | |
| Absence results in abnormal wound healing in EIIIA-/- mice | [90] | |
| Expressed in rat model of liver injury by sinusoidal endothelial cells | [98] | |
| EIIIB | Increased levels in blood plasma after acute major trauma | [18] |
| Increased expression by chondrocytes in muscularized arteries upon acute hyperoxic lung injury | [238] | |
| EIIIA and EIIIB | Observed in granulation tissue by 7 days; EIIIB+ levels remain increased even after 14 days; EIIIA+ found around arterioles in connective tissue adjacent to the wound after 4 days | [95] |
| Deposited in basement membrane zone of keratectomy wound models of corneal injury in rats | [239] | |
| Detected in ulcerated gastric tissue in rat models | [240] | |
| EIIIA, EIIIB and V | All isoforms upregulated during rat corneal wound healing | [241] |
| Pathological conditions | ||
| Fibrosis | ||
| EIIIA | Idiopathic pulmonary fibrotic fibroblasts isolated from patients express higher levels of EIIIA+FN | [201] |
| Involved in lung fibrogenesis in rat models of pulmonary fibrosis | [201] | |
| Highly expressed in mesangium and interstitium in rat glioblastoma multiforme and Habu snake venom models of renal fibrosis | [202] | |
| Increased expression in acute and chronic cutaneous graft-versus-host disease | [200] | |
| Increased in fibrotic periglomerular regions and areas of interstitial fibrosis | [26] | |
| Increased expression in human hepatic fibrosis | [242] | |
| Can induce the conversion of lipocytes to myofibroblasts; may play a role in hepatic fibrogenesis | [98] | |
| EIIIB | Increased in obsolescent glomeruli | [26] |
| EIIIA and EIIIB | Increased in glomerulosclerotic lesions and fibrous crescents | [26] |
| Tumorigenesis | ||
| EIIIA | Increased expression in hepatocellular carcinomas | [242] |
| EIIIB | Increased expression in interstitium and vascular intima of many primary human tumors including meningioma | [243] |
| Expressed around neovasculature and stroma of many malignant head and neck tumors | [244] | |
| Detected around tumor stroma, tumor vasculature and in tissue adjacent to the invasion front of oral squamous cell carcinomas | [245] | |
| Detected in the stroma, in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and endothelial cells in the neovasculature of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas | [246] | |
| EIIIA and EIIIB | Expressed in tumor blood vessels in mouse model of pancreatic tumorigenesis | [247] |
| Present around the blood vessels of intratumoral microvessels in breast carcinomas. | [248] | |
| Other | ||
| EIIIA | Increased plasma levels in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritic joints | [249] |
| EIIIA, EIIIB and V | Increased expression in rat model of hypertension, especially of EIIIA+ form after 21 d | [250] |