Mesenchymal stem cells: from experiment to clinic

Table 1 Human tissue MSC^a phenotypes

Tissue MSCs	Phenotypic expression		Trilineage potent
	Positive	Negative
Bone marrow^b [118]	CD29, CD44, CD105, CD166	CD34, CD45	Yes
Umbilical-cord perivascular cells [118]	CD146, NG2, PDGF-Rb, ALP, SSEA4, Runx1, Oct4	CD34, CD45, CD144, vWF	Yes
Wharton's jelly [13, 14]	CD44, CD90, CD105, HLA G6, IL-1A/B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-14, BMP1, CSF3, FAMC3, GDF15, PDGF-B, TNF-4, TNF-11b, TNF-12, VEGF	CD34, CD40, CD45, CD80, CD86	Yes
Nasal mucosa [12]	CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, TLR4 ligand		Yes
Intestinal stroma [4]	CD29, CD44, CD73, CD105, CD117, CD166	CD14, CD34, CD45	Yes
Intestinal mucosa [4]	CD117, plus as listed for stroma		Yes
Eye limbal stroma [5]	CD105, CD106, CD54, CD166, CD90, CD29, CD71, pax-6/p75, SSEA1, Tra-1-61, Tra-1-81, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD11a, CD11c, CD14, CD138, Flk1, Flt1	Vascular endothelial cadherin	Adipo, Osteo
Osteosarcoma stroma [120]	CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, HLA class I	CD14, CD19, CD31, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR	Yes

^aAbbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; CSF, colony-stimulating factor; GDF, growth differentiation factor; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; IL, interleukin; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; SSEA, stage-specific embryonic antigen; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; vWF, von Willebrand factor.
^bBM MSCs have been reviewed in depth many times, and interested readers are referred to several recent papers on them [28, 121–125].

ISSN: 1755-1536