Table 1 Toll-like receptor (TLR) family and ligands
From: Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in liver injury and hepatic fibrogenesis
TLR | Ligands | Cellular location |
|---|---|---|
TLR1 | Triacylated bacterial lipopeptides | Cell membrane |
TLR2 | Triacylated bacterial lipopeptides | Cell membrane |
TLR3 | Double-stranded RNA produced by most viruses during replication | Endosomal compartment |
TLR4 | Lipopolysaccharide, low-molecular weight hyaluronic acid, heparin sulfate, saturated fatty acid, fibrinogen, fibronectin, heat shock proteins 60 and 70, high mobility group box-1, degraded matrix | Cell membrane |
TLR5 | Bacterial flagellin | Cell membrane |
TLR6 | TLR1 and 6 combine with TLR2 to distinguish the subtle differences between triacyl and diacyl lipopeptides | Cell membrane |
TLR7 | ssRNA viruses, influenza virus | Endosomal compartment |
TLR8 | ssRNA | Endosomal compartment |
TLR9 | Unmethylated CpG DNA found in bacteria, DNA virus | Endosomal compartment |
TLR10 | unknown | Cell membrane |