Gene | Known variation | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
TGF beta | Leu10Pro | LeuLeu showed a slow progression of fibrosis Carriage of Pro associated with faster fibrotic progression | |
Arg25Pro | Carriage of Pro associated with faster fibrotic progression | ||
Angiotensin | G-6A | Carriage of AA genotype associated with increased risk of fibrosis | [87] |
TNF-alpha | G-308A | A allele associated with hepatic fibrosis, hepatic cancer, fibrosing alveolitis | |
IL-10 | C-592A/-819/G-1082A | Carriage of ATA associated with ALD and HCV induced fibrosis | |
IL-1 | IL-1RNC +2018T | T allele associated with increased risk of fibrosing alveolitis | [91] |
IFN-gamma | T+874A | T allele associated with higher rate of liver cirrhosis following Hep C infection | |
CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) | insertion/deletion (Δ32) | Carriage of Δ32 associated with severe fibrosis | [107] |
MCP-2 | Q46K | Carriage of the K variant is associated with more severe fibrosis | [107] |
MCP-1 | G-2518A | Carriage of G allele associated with increased risk of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis | [109] |
Haemochromatosis gene (HFE) | G+845A C+187G | Heterozygous genotypes associated with increased inflammation and fibrosis | |
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) | G-463A | Minor allele associated with increased risk of advanced fibrosis in CHC patients | [112] |
low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) | G+1170A | Carriage of G associated with increased risk of fibrosis | [113] |
Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) | E4 allele | Carriage of E4 allele associated with protection against HCV induced liver damage | [114] |
DDX5 DEAD box polypeptide 5 and POLG2 SNPs | Minor allele associated with increased risk of advanced fibrosis in CHC patients | [139] | |
CD14 | C-159T | T allele associated with higher levels of acute phase proteins and advanced ALD | [140] |
TLR4 | D299G T399I | Both variant allele confer protection against fibrosis |