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Table 1 Genetic polymorphisms with relevance to fibrosis risk.

From: Role of host genetics in fibrosis

Gene

Known variation

Effect

Reference

TGF beta

Leu10Pro

LeuLeu showed a slow progression of fibrosis

Carriage of Pro associated with faster fibrotic progression

[8488]

 

Arg25Pro

Carriage of Pro associated with faster fibrotic progression

 

Angiotensin

G-6A

Carriage of AA genotype associated with increased risk of fibrosis

[87]

TNF-alpha

G-308A

A allele associated with hepatic fibrosis, hepatic cancer, fibrosing alveolitis

[91, 93, 136, 137]

IL-10

C-592A/-819/G-1082A

Carriage of ATA associated with ALD and HCV induced fibrosis

[99, 100, 138]

IL-1

IL-1RNC +2018T

T allele associated with increased risk of fibrosing alveolitis

[91]

IFN-gamma

T+874A

T allele associated with higher rate of liver cirrhosis following Hep C infection

[103, 104]

CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)

insertion/deletion (Δ32)

Carriage of Δ32 associated with severe fibrosis

[107]

MCP-2

Q46K

Carriage of the K variant is associated with more severe fibrosis

[107]

MCP-1

G-2518A

Carriage of G allele associated with increased risk of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis

[109]

Haemochromatosis gene (HFE)

G+845A

C+187G

Heterozygous genotypes associated with increased inflammation and fibrosis

[110, 111]

Myeloperoxidase

(MPO)

G-463A

Minor allele associated with increased risk of advanced fibrosis in CHC patients

[112]

low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)

G+1170A

Carriage of G associated with increased risk of fibrosis

[113]

Apolipoprotein E (Apo E)

E4 allele

Carriage of E4 allele associated with protection against HCV induced liver damage

[114]

DDX5 DEAD box polypeptide 5 and POLG2 SNPs

 

Minor allele associated with increased risk of advanced fibrosis in CHC patients

[139]

CD14

C-159T

T allele associated with higher levels of acute phase proteins and advanced ALD

[140]

TLR4

D299G

T399I

Both variant allele confer protection against fibrosis

[141, 142]

  1. CHC, chronic hepatitis cancer; ALC, alcoholic liver cirrhosis; ALD, alcoholic liver disease; HCV, hepatitis C virus